Turbine.



B. LJUNGSTROM. TURBINB. APPLIGQTION FILED APR. 9, 1907.

Patented June 21, 1910.

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BIRGER LJUNGSTRIVI, 0F STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN.

TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 21, 1910.

Application led April 9, 1907. Serial No. 367,149.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, BIRGER LJUNGSTRM,

a subject of the King of Sweden, residing at 8 Fleminggatan, Stockholm,Sweden, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inGas-Turbines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear,and exact description of the invention, such as will enable othersskilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters orfigures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of thisspecification.

This invention relates to an arrangement for the automatic balancing ofthe axial pressure caused by the driving medium and imparted to therotating parts of a gas turbine which carry the vane series. Thesepressures will, especially in radial turbines, be very high and can onaccount thereof not be taken up by cam bearings. Said axial pressures`are according to this invention balanced by means of pistons connectedto the parts carrying the vanes and acted upon by the Adriving medium insuch a manner that the pressure acting upon the pistons is automaticallysuited to the working pressure actingvupon the parts carrying the vanes.These pistons are tightened by means of ring shaped baffling devices.The annexed drawing does not in any case show more than one piston forone rotating vane series, although several pistons naturally may bearranged on the same shaft.

Figure 1 is a vertical section through one embodiment of the invention;Fig. ILa is a view similar to Fig. l, slightly modified; Fig. 2 is avertical section through another embodiment; Fig. 3 is a verticalsection through a third embodiment; Fig. 3a is a view similar to Fig. 3,slightly modified; Fig. 4 is a side elevation, partly in section, of afourth embodiment, and Fig. 5 discloses the means for effectingadjustment of the baiiie plates.

The baffling devices communicating with an inlet for the driving mediumconsist, in the embodiment shown in Fig. t, of ring chambers disposedadjacent each other and connected by narrowed channels. These ringchambers are suitably fo-rmed by means of corrugated rings placed closeto each other and whichrings have a part connected to the devicecarrying the vanes, and this part consequently rotates relatively to theother part of the baffling rings which is secured to the turbine casingor to a part secured to the casing.

The invention is of special importance in case of using one or two ringshaped baffling devices in order to attain a varying throttling of thedriving medium. Such an arrangement will be most simple in radialturbines with two systems of vanes rotating in opposite directions.

The baling rings consist according to Figs. 1-3 of concentric cylindersor ring shaped plane disks threaded in each other and concentric to theshaft and to each other and connected partly with a rotating part andpartly with the turbine casing. In radial turbines with inlet for thedriving medium at one side of the turbine casing and with the shaftprojecting from the other side of the casing it is necessary to haveonly one ring shaped baffling device in as far as an inlet for thedriving medium leads to one side of the piston from the inlet side ofthe turbine wheel or from the pressure conduit which inlet is adapted tobe throttled in a certain manner.

In order to make it possible to place a suiiicient number of bafflingrings on the outside and inside of the piston area, so that the entiredevice becomes of reasonable dimensions with a sufficiently great pistonarea the baffling rings may suitably be made according to the multipleprinciple.

The cylindrical baffling rings are according to Fig. l located on theturbine disk a carrying the vanes, the baffling rings engaging betweenthe saidl rings being secured to the turbine casing c. The bathingdevice communicates with the pressure chamber of the turbine casingthrough a channel d. When an increased pressure in the pressure chambermoves the turbine disk and the shaft to the right, the passage of thepressure medium through the bafliing device will be throttled and thepressure in the said device against the other side of the turbine diskWorking as a piston will therefore increase and finally overcome theVaforesaid pressure,whereby the turbine disk is brought backto itsoriginal position while at the same time the baffling passages increase.

In the form sh'own in Fig. la, there is a plate g carried by the turbinedisk a, which plate is provided with baiile members cooperating withlike members on the casing c. This manner of adjacently disposing thesebaille elements provides an irregular and narrowing channel f whichserves the purpose intended.

In the axial turbine shown in Fig. 2 one part of the baffling rings b issecured to the drum 71. carrying the vanes, the other part being securedto the turbine casing c. The baffling device communicates with an inletpipe vl and works in the same manner as the device shown in Fig. 1.

The baffling device and the piston are in Fig. 3 arranged in a specialcasing j communicating with the turbine casing c, one part of thebaffling device Z) being placed on a disk 7c secured to the shaft andserving as a piston and the other part being located on the casing y'.As shown in the figure, a throttling device m may be arranged in aninlet pipe Z opening into the baffling device. Such a device may also beplaced in a pipe n connecting the casing j withv the turbine casing c.

Fig. 3a shows the manner in which a throttle valve or slide may beautomatically acted upon by means of a lever 29 mounted on the shaft,thus when the shaft is moved to the right the valve 0 increases theinlet to the disk 7c and to the baffling device b1, and reduces the sameon the movement of the shaft in the opposite direction. In this figurealso the baflling devices b1 are in the nature of flat disk rings.

The two turbine wheels s t carrying vanes are in Fig. 4 mounted onseparate shafts g and r and rotate in opposite directions. The bafflingdevices consist of folded or corrugated rings u o connected partly withthe turbine wheels and partly with parts secured to the inner wall ofthe turbine casing c. As shown in the drawing, the baffling devices ateach turbine disk are divided into two groups working according to themultiple system, whereby I obtain the greatest possible piston area onthe outside of the turbine disks between the groups which piston areaworks against the axial pressure between the turbine disks. Thebalancing pressure required will consequently be lower, whereby theleakage through the outermost baffling device will be more reduced thanis the case when higher balancing pressure and smaller piston area areemployed. The baffling devices are furthermore secured on special ringslocated on the rotating or on the fixed part. If the axial position 0fthese rings is altered by means of set screws or in another manner, anadjustment of the axial position of the turbine disk as well as anadjustment of the interspaces in the baflling devices may be obtained.

The baffling plates may be secured to the shaft and the pistons by setscrews x whereby relative adjustment between said plates is effected.

I-Iaving thus described my invention, what I claim is 1. In fluidpressure turbines, the combination of a vane-carrying rotating part, aconcentric annular pressure chamber between it and a fixed part,andbaffling devices ,at the outer and inner periphery of said chamber,the distances in thesaid inner baffling device being varied tocorrespond Awith the axial movements of the vane-carrying rotating part.

2. In fluid pressure turbines,the combination of a vane-carryingrotating part, a concentric annular pressure chamber between it and afixed part, and bafliing Vdevices at the outer and inner periphery ofsaid chamber, the distances of the said outer and inner baflling devicesbeing varied to correspond reversely to the axial movements of thevane-carrying rotating part.

3. In fluid pressure turbines, the combination of a rotating part, aconcentric annular pressure chamber between it and a fixed part andbaffling devices at the outer and inner periphery of said chamber,varying dierently to correspond with the axial movements of the rotatingparts, said baffling devices being partly arranged on rings.

4. In fluid pressure turbines, the combination of a rotating part, aconcentric annular pressure chamber between it and a fixed part andbaffling devices at the outer and inner periphery of said chambervarying differently upon the axial movements of the rotating parts, saidbaffling devices partly projecting from rings, loosely arranged in theturbine casing.

5. In fluid pressure turbines, the combination of a rotating part, aconcentric annular pressure chamber between it and a fixed part andbaffling devices at theouter and inner periphery of said chamber varyingdifferently upon the axial movements ofthe rotating parts, said balilingdevices partly projecting from rings, loosely arranged in the turbinecasing and adjustably secured thereto.

6. In fluid pressure turbines, the combination of a rotating part, aconcentric annular pressure chamber between it and a fixed part andbaffling devices at the outer and inner periphery of said chambervarying differently upon the axial movements of the rotating parts, saidbaiiling devices partly projecting from rings, loosely arranged in thepartly projecting from rings, loosely arturbine casing and adjustablysecured thereranged in the turbine casin and adjustably to in axialdlrection. secured thereto by means o bolts.

7. In fluid pressure turbines, in combina- In testimony, that I claimthe foregoing 5 tion With a rotating part, a concentric anas myinvention7 I have signed my name 15 nular pressure chamber, between itand a in presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

fixed part and baiiiing devices at the outer BIRGER LJUNGSTRM. and innerperiphery of said chamber vary- Witnesses; ing differently upon theaxial movements of CARL FRIBERG,

10 the rotating parts, said bafiing devices E RBERG

